In 1956 a group of
universities directed by Benjamin Bloom acknowledged three learning fields which
are cognitive, affective, and psychomotor that is learned behaviors. Bloom also
stated ‘that these fields are commonly referred to as knowledge, skills, and
attitude”. Bloom and his colleges broke down the three fields into subdivisions
beginning with the easiest behavior to the most difficult.
The
first domain is cognitive which encompasses six subdivisions that are
knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. For
example synthesis is the capability to read an article and then write a summary
pertaining to the article. Another example is to build a house from written
plans. The second domain is affective
which has the following subdivisions receiving phenomena, responding to
phenomena, valuing, organization, and internalizing. Bloom states that an
example of receiving phenomena is to “listen to others with respect. Listen for
and remember the name of newly introduced people” (pg.3). Responding to
phenomena is the ability to interact in group conversations or examine new
concepts until complete understanding as been ascertained. Psychomotor is the
third domain and its subdivisions were defined by (Simpson, 1972). Psychomotor
skills are based on physical movement and are applied to motor skills. The
subdivisions are perception, set, guided response, mechanism, complex overt
response, adaptation, and origination. Dave’s (1975) subdivisions for
psychomotor are imitation, manipulation, precision, articulation, and
naturalization, these subdivisions explains a person’s behavior to learn a
skill and be able to demonstrate the skill with consistency and actuary. Another
psychomotor subdivision was written by Harrow’s (1972) that offered the
following subdivisions reflex movements, fundamental, movements, perception,
physical abilities, skilled movements, and no discursive communication. For
example Harrow’s no discursive communication behavior is when a person can us
body language to express his or need. Another example of Harrow’s subdivision
behavior is reflex movements, which allows a person to respond to a situation
naturally.
I
agree strongly with Bloom’s taxonomy because I have witness in my classrooms
all of the three learning type. I have watched how young children over time
master the learning type subdivisions. Also after reading the information on
Bloom taxonomy I have a better perspective on the subdivision levels of
learning from easiest to hardest mastery.
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